Abrahamic: holiday guide 101

Jewish tradition claims that the twelve tribes of Israel are descended from Abraham through his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob, whose sons formed the nation of Israelites in Canaan; Islamic tradition claims that twelve Arab tribes known as the Ishmaelites are descended from Abraham through his son Ishmael in the Arabian Peninsula.

Christianity dates back to the 1st century as a sect of Judaism initially led by Jesus. His disciples considered him the Messiah, as in Peter's Confession; after his crucifixion and death, they came to view him as God incarnate, who had been resurrected and would return at the end of time to judge the living and the dead and create an eternal Kingdom of God.

In the 1st century AD, under the Apostles of Jesus of Nazareth; Christianity spread widely after being adopted by the Roman Empire as its state religion in the 4th century AD. The apostle Paul interpreted the role of Abraham differently from the Jews of his day. While to the Jews Abraham was seen as a loyal monotheist in a polytheistic environment, Paul celebrates Abraham as a man who found faith in God before adhering to religious law. Unlike Judaism, adherence to religious law is associated with idolatry.

Islam is based on the teachings of the Quran. Although it considers Muhammad to be the Seal of the Prophets, Islam teaches that every prophet preached Islam, since the word Islam literally means submission, the main concept preached by all prophets. Although the Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God, other Islamic books considered to be revealed by God before the Quran, mentioned by name in the Quran are:

 * the Tawrat (Torah) revealed to the prophets. and messengers among the children of Israel (Bani Israil), the Zabur (Psalms) revealed to Dawud (David) and the Injil (the Gospel) revealed to Isa (Jesus). The Quran also mentions that God revealed the scrolls of Abraham and the scrolls of Moses.

The relationship between the Islamic and Hebrew scriptures and the New Testament differs significantly from the relationship between the New Testament and the Tanakh. While the New Testament draws heavily on the Tanakh and interprets its text in light of the foundations of the new religion, the Quran only alludes to various Tanakh stories and biblical writings, but remains independent of both, focusing on establishing a monotheistic message by using the stories of the prophets in a decentralized religious environment.

In the 7th century AD, Islam was founded by Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula; it spread widely during the first Muslim conquests, shortly after his death. Islam understands its form of "Abrahamic monotheism" as preceding both Judaism and Christianity, and in contrast to Arab henotheism.